This chapter considers demographic changes and the implications of new life course patterns for higher education, workforce dynamics and public policy. In Ireland, as in most developed countries, as people live longer additional challenges, but also opportunities, arise as many may wish to work longer – whether by choice or necessity. In this context, the centrality of lifelong learning for people of all ages is explored. Intergenerational differences and resulting later life inequalities are considered, with a particular focus on the potential role which higher education can play in enhancing knowledge and skills across different stages of the life course. A case is made for the potential contribution which older people can make in terms of workforce diversity, intergenerational learning and meeting skill gaps. The need to address some misconceptions associated with older workers (and, by association, older learners) is also explored. Finally, the role of public policy is discussed in supporting higher education providers, employers and individuals to prepare for changing life course patterns, while also addressing persisting inequalities. We conclude by highlighting the potential value of comparative research in this arena.